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In modern automotive engineering, automotive chassis suspension components play a vital role. It is not only a bridge connecting the body and the wheels, but also a key factor in determining the vehicle's driving stability, comfort and safety.
The automotive chassis suspension system is mainly composed of core components such as elastic elements, shock absorbers, guide mechanisms and stabilizer bars. These components perform their respective duties and work together to cope with the impact and vibration caused by uneven road surfaces.
Elastic elements: such as coil springs and leaf springs, their main function is to support the weight of the vehicle body and absorb and buffer energy when the wheels are impacted. Coil springs are widely used in independent suspension systems of cars due to their good elasticity and compact structure; while leaf springs are mostly used in trucks and non-independent suspension systems due to their strong load-bearing capacity and simple structure.
Shock absorbers: As a key component of the suspension system, shock absorbers consume vibration energy through the oil flow resistance inside them, thereby quickly attenuating the vibration of the vehicle body. This not only improves the vehicle's driving smoothness, but also enhances the adhesion between the wheels and the ground, improving driving safety.
Guide mechanism: including control arms, longitudinal rods and other components, which are responsible for transmitting force and torque, and guiding the movement trajectory of the wheels. During the driving process of the vehicle, the guide mechanism can ensure that the wheels always maintain good contact with the road surface and improve the handling performance of the vehicle.
Stabilizer bar: also known as anti-roll bar or lateral stabilizer bar, it connects the wheels on the left and right sides, reduces the roll amplitude of the vehicle when turning through the lever principle, and improves the handling stability of the vehicle.
According to the different structures, the automobile suspension system can be divided into two categories: non-independent suspension and independent suspension.
Non-independent suspension: The wheels on both sides are connected by an integral axle. When one wheel is impacted, the other wheel will also be affected. This suspension system has a simple structure, low cost, and strong load-bearing capacity, but the comfort and handling stability are relatively poor. It is mostly used in trucks and buses.
Independent suspension: Each wheel on each side is suspended under the frame or body through an elastic suspension system. When one wheel is impacted, the other wheel is not affected. This suspension system can provide better comfort and handling stability, but the structure is relatively complex and the cost is also high. Most modern cars use independent suspension systems, and according to different models and needs, they have derived various structural forms such as McPherson, multi-link, double wishbone, etc.
With the continuous advancement of automobile technology, the suspension system has also evolved into some more advanced technical applications, such as air suspension and electromagnetic suspension.
Air suspension: With air springs as elastic elements, the height and stiffness of the vehicle body are automatically adjusted through air compressors, height control valves and other components. This suspension system can provide the best comfort and handling performance according to different driving needs and road conditions, and is mostly used in high-end cars and luxury SUVs.
Electromagnetic suspension: A technology that uses electromagnetic force to control the vehicle suspension system. Electromagnetic suspension generates variable damping force through electromagnets, adjusts the suspension hardness of the vehicle in real time, and provides a smoother and more comfortable driving experience. This suspension system has a fast response speed, a wide adjustment range, and stable performance, but it is more expensive and is mostly used in high-performance sports cars and high-end cars.
